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Grammatical Concept: The Adverbial Position
Asaxi does not possess a distinct morphological class for “Adverbs of Manner.” Instead, it uses Qualitative Adjectives (-nă / -nýj) placed in a specific syntactic slot.
Rules
1. The Strict Adjective Position (Pre-Nominal)
Adjectives must strictly precede the noun.
- Example: Dănă shá. (“Big person”).
2. The Adverbial Position (Pre-Verbal)
Qualitative Adjectives placed before the verb function as Adverbs of Manner.
Stacking Order: If a sentence contains both a Frequency Adverb (Time) and a Manner Adverb (Quality), the Frequency comes first (Wider Scope).
Formula:
[Subject] + (Object) + [Frequency] + [Manner] + [Verb]
Example:
To wo nanå dănă aśù.
SUBJ1SGoftenheavilywalk“I often walk heavily.”
3. Aspectual Modification (Prefixing)
Temporal and Frequency particles can attach to the front of the Adverb (or Adjective) to define the consistency or frequency of that specific quality.
Formula:
[Aspect/Frequency Particle]-[Adjective]
| Particle | Prefix | Logic | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| onå | onå- | Always/Forever | onådănă | Consistently heavy / Always big |
| opùnå | opùnå- | Usually | opùnådănă | Usually heavy / Typically big |
| nanå | nanå- | Often | nanådănă | Frequently heavy |
| sinå | sinå- | Never | sinådănă | Never heavy |
| vanå | vanå- | Still | vanådănă | Still heavy |
Usage Examples
1. Consistent Manner (Adverbial)
To John onådănă aśù.
SUBJJohnalways-heavywalk“John walks consistently heavily.” (Every time he walks, it is heavy).
2. Habitual State (Adjectival)
To [weather] opùnågavi xiŕa.
SUBJ[weather]usually-greenIS“The weather is usually good.” (It is good below-always).
3. Negative Attribute
To John sinåshěsonýj shá xiŕa.
SUBJJohnnever-smartpersonIS“John is a never-smart person.” (He is consistently unintelligent).