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Grammatical Concept: Expectation
Asaxi uses the particle naŕè to express Propriety or Expectation. It corresponds to the English “Should”, “Ought to”, or “Supposed to.”
Unlike xăhè (Force/Must) or wë (Need), this mood implies a social or logical duty rather than an absolute necessity.
1. The Particle (naŕè)
Grammatical Function:
- Type: Low Binding Particle (Sentence Final).
- Function: Obligative Mood.
- Meaning: “Should”, “Ought to”, “It is proper that”.
Etymology: na (On/Top) + ŕè (Contention/Judgment)
- Logic: “It is on (you).” / “The burden is placed.”
2. Usage
A. Positive (“Should”)
To John shěsonů naŕè.
SUBJJohnreadSHOULD“John should read.” (It is expected/proper).
B. Negative (“Should not”)
To John shěsonů nánaŕè.
SUBJJohnreadNOT-SHOULD“John shouldn’t read.” (It is improper/wrong).
3. Hierarchy of Obligation
| Particle | English | Nuance |
|---|---|---|
| xăhè | Must | External Force / Law (Cannot disobey). |
| wë | Need | Internal Necessity (Required for a goal). |
| naŕè | Should | Social Propriety / Advice (Good idea to do). |
| wă | Want | Volition (Desire to do). |