ksá (25_Interrogative Pronouns (Wh-Words))


ksá

ksá

Grammatical function

  • Type: Interrogative Adverb (Modal)
  • Meaning: How? / In what manner?

Pronunciation

IPA: /ksɑ/

Pitch Accent

  • Morae: ksá
  • Pattern: H
  • Class: dominant

Etymology

Derived from the question prefix k- + (With/Comitative). Phonotactic Note: The voiced /z/ is devoiced to /s/ due to the preceding voiceless /k/ (k+ksá).

Example sentence

Example 1

  • Asaxi: john ksá shěsonů?
  • English: How does John read? (e.g., By what method/tool).
  • Polish: x

Example Sentence 2

Example 1

  • Asaxi: xő bwona pỏnă zèbů — ksá pỏpỏ ů naŕè.
  • English: He was fat and bunchy, as a rabbit should be.
  • Polish: x

Usage Note

Sense 2 (“like, as”). In declarative contexts ksá introduces a manner standard (“in the manner of / the way that…”), extending the indirect use of wh-words (25_Interrogative Pronouns (Wh-Words) §4). Also: ksá anő ihjáka-ỏbỏ (“like a pincushion”), ksá pă pỏpa (“as the other rabbits did”). First attested in onă gaksamipỏpỏ (The Velveteen Rabbit).