This is a list of all function words in Asaxi, with their closest English translations.
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Interjections & Responses
- vi (particle) - good! / ok! / will do
Noun Classifiers
- Definite
- onă (particle) - this (warm)
- onýj (particle) - this (cold)
- Indefinite
- anő (particle) - this (indefinite, both)
- Specific Indefinite (“A certain”)
- ponă (particle) - a certain (warm)
- ponýj (particle) - a certain (cold)
- panő (particle) - a certain (neutral)
02_Particles in Asaxi
Polarity & Validity Particles
- Positive/Emphasis
- xă (particle) - yes / indeed
- vi (particle) - yes / yep / agreement
- Negative
- ná (particle) - not
- pxů (particle) - no / nope / refusal
- Stative / Existence
- xiŕa (particle) - is / exists (fact)
- nèŕa (particle) - is not / does not exist
Mood & Agency Particles (Prefix/Suffix)
- hè (Imperative Marker):
- Suffix (
-hè): Standard Command. “Do it.” - Prefix (
hè-): Emphatic Command. “DO it!” - Note: For Causatives (Making someone do it), use the compounds xăhè- or băhè-.
- Suffix (
- xă: Emphasis.
- Free Shifting: Can appear as a Suffix (
shěsonůxă) or a Prefix (xăshěsonů).
- Free Shifting: Can appear as a Suffix (
- xăhè (particle) - force (prefix)
- băhè (particle) - allow / enable
- náxăbăhè (particle) - ban / explicitly prohibit
- kă (particle) - please / kindly (request)
- xăkă (particle) - instruction / high polite request
- náxăkă (particle) - please do not / polite prohibition
- nåhè- (particle) - now do! / switch action (imperative)
- naŕè - should / ought to (propriety)
- nánaŕè - should not / not supposed to
- nă (particle) - stop! / cease! (interruption command)
- sů (particle) - continue! / keep going! (continuation command)
Potential Mood Particles (Sentence Final)
- ken (particle) - can / able to
- ken.ná (particle) - cannot / unable to
Subjunctive & Desiderative Particles (Sentence Final)
- xăxă (particle) - would / as if (hypothetical)
- dăxă (particle) - hopefully / I wish
- pùxă (particle) - I hope not / lest
- xădăchỏxă (particle) - please god / prayer
Tense & Aspect Prefixes
These attach to the front of the verb to define the time or texture of the action.
- zè- - Past Tense (Simple/Perfective)
- sỏ- - Subjective Past Tense (Memoric/Nostalgic).
- pa- - Future Tense (Explicit)
- o- - Immediate (Just now / About to) When used as a tense modifier.
- ko- - Remote / Mythic (Long ago / Someday) When used as a tense modifier.
- hù- - Pluperfect / Past-Future (Behind) When used as a tense modifier.
- na- - Iterative Aspect (Re-do / Again) When applied to a verb.
- panå- (particle) - immediate switch / will do now
- mi- - subjective present (feeling/sensing now)
Modal Prefixes (Auxiliary Roots)
Root verbs that attach to the front of the main verb to define intent or effort.
Post-Positional Aspect
- Note: The Cessative Aspect is handled by the root verb tomo’ (Stop), which appears after the main verb.
Verbal Derivation (Morphological Infixes)
These bridges insert between the Noun and the -ů suffix to define the mode of action.
- -n- - Performance (to use / function) Default
- -x- - Interaction (to force / do to)
- -w- - Semblance (to act like)
- -k- - Transformative (to turn into)
- -ŕ- - Generative (to produce / create)
- -sh- - Privative (to remove / strip)
- -ch- - Subjective (to feel like / believe)
- -j- - Visual (to look like)
- -s- - Auditory (to sound like)
- -ng- - Olfactory (to smell like)
- -p- - Tactile (to feel like / touch)
- -zh- - Gustatory (to taste like)
Degree & Comparison Markers
Prefixes and particles used to modify intensity or compare nouns.
Degree Prefixes (Attach to Adjective/Adverb)
- xă- - Very / Truly
- me- - About / Approximately
- na- - More (Comparative)
- pù- - Less (Comparative)
- nă- - Most (Superlative - Warm Source)
- nýj- - Most (Superlative - Cold Source)
- năná- - Least (Warm Source)
- nýjnè- - Least (Cold Source)
- dă- - very / much / a lot (Augmentative)
Comparative Coordinators (Link Nouns)
Aspectual Particles
- chå (particle) - completely / fully (completive aspect)
Floating Modifiers (Distributives)
These appear before the verb or noun they modify.
- ojano (particle) - individually / separately (general)
- jonojo (particle) - one by one (sequential)
- okonoko (particle) - here and there (scattered)
Distributives & Frequency
- ksămăni (particle) - any way one likes / however
- săsă (particle) / să- - all of, the entire (thing), the whole of, the full extent of
- mămă (particle) - all, every, every single one
- dăgo (particle) - many / a lot of
- fůtăgo (particle) - some / more than 0
- hjigo (particle) - few / little
- sănani (particle) - some / several (more than 1)
- wăpùni (particle) - few (less than 9)
- wănani (particle) - many (more than 9)
- săni (particle) - most but not all
- fůmă (particle) - none
Connective Particles (Coordinators & Conjunctions)
Nominal (Word Linking)
- ja (particle) - and (list connector)
- jhaná (particle) - but not (exclusion)
- se (particle) - or (nominal connector)
Logical (Clause Linking)
- dzè - but / however
- si - or
- ŕa - and (clause connector)
- sèwo - because / since
- ninå - therefore
- sèni - so / therefore (mid-sentence fusion)
Temporal & Conditional
- vå - when
- zå - then / next
- nivå - while / during
- panå - not yet / before
- nå - now / already
- vanå - still (ongoing)
- onå - forever / always
- nanå - often
- gănå - sometime
- nåsi - never
- opùnå - usually / normally
- chě - if (conditional)
- chěxa - even if / although
- chěná - unless / except if
- ximă (particle) - daily / every day
- åmă (particle) - every time
- ămă (noun) - the right time
- ămăni (particle) - at your leisure / whenever you like
- gămă (particle) - whenever / at any time
- izånixå (particle) - from time to time / occasionally
- găxăni (particle) - forever / for an eternity
Base Temporal Nouns
- zè (noun) - the past
- pa (noun) - the future
- ozè (particle) - the immediate past / just now
- opa (noun) - the immediate future / the brink
- kozè (noun) - the distant past / antiquity
- kopa (noun) - the distant future
Locative Temporal Settings
- vazè (noun) - in the past
- nipa (noun) - in the future
- vozè (noun) - in the immediate past / a moment ago
- ńopa (noun) - in the immediate future / on the brink
- vkozè (noun) - in the distant past
- nikpa (noun) - in the distant future
Idiomatic Time
- kozèvkozè (Idiom) - once upon a time / long, long ago
Quotative & Topic
- tte - that / so / quoting
Idiomatic Adverbs & Expressions
- tte ŕima (Idiom) - I think that… (Uncertainty)
- tte xăcè (Idiom) - I am sure that… (Certainty)
- tte pùŕima (Idiom) - I suspect that… / I am unsure
- tte xăcè (Idiom) - I am sure that… / I know for a fact
Interrogatives
-
Question Particle:
-
Wh-Words:
- kshá (particle) - Who
- kjo (particle) - What
- ksi (particle) - Where
- kvå (particle) - When
- ksè (particle) - Why
- ksá (particle) - How
Relational Particles (NPCP)
These function as Case Markers.
- to - Subject (Nominative)
- ă - Subjective Subject Marker (Internal/Emotional).
- sè - Of / Belonging to (Genitive)
- bă - Using / By / Because of (Instrumental/Causal)
- då - For / To (Dative/Recipient)
- ni - To / Towards (Allative/Goal)
- izo - From / Out of (Ablative/Source)
- måmå - Until / Up to (Terminative)
- zá - With / Accompanied by (Comitative)
- ga - Made of / -type (Attributive - Fusing)
- dhè - Topic / Passive Marker (The object being acted upon)
- ăni - about / concerning
- då - for / to / for the sake of
Compound Forms
- dåni - To (Transfer/Giving)
- måmåni - As far as to (Limit)
- nixå - For the duration of (Perfect Progressive)
- bădå - because of and for
Temporal Conjunctions
- måniåkam (particle) - By the time that…
Subjective Epistemic Markers (To-Predicates)
- toxăhè (verb) - I am certain that / I am convinced
- tohùfwo (verb) - I doubt that / I suspect not
- toůchů (verb) - It feels like / It seems
Locative Prefixes
Proximal Locative Prefixes
- Proximal: o- (here)
- Medial: no- (there)
- Distal: ko- (yonder)
- Locative: gă- (“Somewhere/Missing”)
- Attainable: ono- A specific place (“not here but accessible”)
List of Relational Locative Prefixes
- va- (particle) - Inside
- pă- (particle) - Outside
- na- (relational locative) (particle) - On / Top
- hù- (relational locative) (particle) - Behind
- ỏ- (particle) - Middle
- ba- (particle) - Beside
- pa- (particle) - Front
- xa- (relational locative) (particle) - Above
- pù- (relational locative) (particle) - Below
Discourse Markers
- e (particle) - Skepticism?
- ë (particle) - Right?
- aŕa (particle) - Resignation
- iŕè (particle) - Contention
- ő (discourse) (particle) - Assertion
- wå - Woah! (Awe).
- ox - Oh! (Emotion).
- jỏ - Yo / Hey (Casual).
13_Pronouns in Asaxi
- wo (particle) - I (singular)
- no (pronoun) (particle) - You (singular)
- xő (particle) - He
- ko (pronoun) (particle) - She
- gő (particle) - They (singular/non-binary)
- jo (particle) - It
- wa (particle) - We
- na (particle) - You (all)
- xa (pronoun) (particle) - They (male)
- ka (particle) - They (female)
- gja (particle) - They (non-binary)
- hja (particle) - They (things)
Reflexive & Reciprocal Pronouns
Pronouns used when the subject acts upon themselves or each other.
- niwo (particle) - Myself
- nino (particle) - Yourself
- nixő (particle) - Himself
- niko (particle) - Herself
- nigő (particle) - Themself (sg/nb)
- nijo (particle) - Itself
- niwa (particle) - Ourselves
- nina (particle) - Yourselves
- nixa (particle) - Themselves (m)
- nika (particle) - Themselves (f)
- nigja (particle) - Themselves (nb)
- nihja (particle) - Themselves (things)
- gőnigő (particle) - Each other / One another
Numerals & Mathematics
Markers for counting, frequency, and mathematical operations.
Operators
Prefixes & Suffixes
- da- - hundreds prefix (e.g., dasă = 100)
- xa- - thousands prefix (e.g., xasă = 1000)
- -bam - times / occurrences (iteration)
- bi- - ordinal prefix (e.g., bisă = 1st)
- pù- - fractional prefix (e.g., pùtam = half)
- -kam - collective suffix (e.g., tamkam = pair/both)
Units (Unit Nouns)
Additive & Quantity
- xa (additive) (particle) - also, too, even (post-positioned)
- kăgo (particle) - how much?, how many?