tohùfwo (Stative Verb) - I doubt that

tohùfwo (Stative Verb)

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tohùfwo

Grammatical function

• Type: Epistemic Marker / Sentence Final Compound
• Function: Subjective Doubt
• Meaning: “I have my doubts that…”, “It is doubtful that…”, “I suspect that… not…”
  • Usage: Marks the preceding clause as a concept that the speaker feels is obscured, unlikely, or doubtful. Unlike hùfwoŕa (which states uncertainty as an objective fact), tohùfwo frames the doubt as the speaker’s subjective assessment of the statement.

Pronunciation

IPA: /t̪ohuu̯fʷo/

Semantic field

Smntc_Field Perception Smntc_Field Circumstance

Translations

• English: I doubt that, it is doubtful, I am skeptical that
• Polish: wątpię, że; mam wątpliwości czy

Example sentence

Xő shěsonů tohùfwo. I doubt he reads. (Lit: He reads, [this-statement]-is-uncertainty).

Ko wő nákőnů tohùfwo. I doubt she misunderstands me. (I think she actually does understand).

Alternative Forms

• hùfwo.

Etymology

to (Subject Marker) + hùfwo (Uncertainty/Undercloud). Logic: The preceding statement is treated as the subject (to) which is equated to or defined by uncertainty (hùfwo).

Synonyms

• hùfwoŕa (It is uncertain - Objective/General).
• e (Skepticism - Discourse Marker).

Antonyms

• toxăhè (I am certain that).
• xăxiŕa (It is indeed / Certainty).

Derived terms

• Null