xăhè (02_Particles in Asaxi)
xăhè
Grammatical function
- Particle type: High Binding Particle Compound
- Function: Coercive Agency (Voice) / Strict Prohibition (Mood)
- Logic: Combines xă (Force/Emphasis) + hè (Agency/Command).
Usage Notes (Mirror Grammar)
1. As a Prefix (Imperative) When attached to the front of the verb, it indicates the Subject is forced to act by an external agent (marked by bă).
- Structure:
[bă Causer] + xăhè-[Verb] - Meaning: “To force to…”, “To compel…”
- Example: To wo bă John zèxăhèshěsonů. (“I was forced by John to read.“)
2. As a Suffix (Imperative Mood) When attached to the end of the verb (preceded by negation), it indicates a Strict Prohibition (Law/Rule).
- Structure:
[Verb] náxăhè - Meaning: “MUST NOT…”, “NO [Verbing].”
- Example: Aśù náxăhè. (“No Trespassing / Walking is strictly forbidden.“)
Pronunciation
IPA: /ɦaɪhə/ (The h is retained to distinguish the two particles clearly).
Etymology
A fusion of xă (Indeed/Force) and hè (Command/Cause).
Example sentences
Coercion (Prefix): To John bă shějýnshá xăhèshěsonů. The teacher forces John to read.
Prohibition (Suffix): Shěso toponů náxăhè! Do not throw books! (Lit: Book dropping/placing must-not-be-done).
Antonyms
- băhè (Particle) (Prefix: To Allow / Permit).
Derived terms
-
náxăbăhè- (Imperative Prefix: To explicitly prohibit / To ban).
- Logic: Not (
ná) + Force (xă) + Means (bă) + Cause (hè).
- Logic: Not (